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Sovereign Grace Churches (previously known as Sovereign Grace Ministries (SGM) and People of Destiny International (''PDI'')) is a group of Reformed, neocharismatic, Evangelical, restorationist,〔Hocken includes SGM in his list of restorationists; see Stanley M Burgess, Eduard M van der Maas (eds) ''The New International Dictionary of Pentecostal and Charismatic Movements'' (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2002) s.v. Church, Theology of the (see p550)〕 Christian churches primarily located in North America.〔 (【引用サイトリンク】 Sovereign Grace Churches )〕 It has variously been described as a family of churches,〔(Get to Know Sovereign Grace Church )〕 a denomination, and an apostolic network.〔Wagner includes SGM in his list of apostolic networks; see Stanley M Burgess, Eduard M van der Maas (eds) ''The New International Dictionary of Pentecostal and Charismatic Movements'' (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2002) s.v. Charismatic Movement (see p507)〕 There are congregations in Australia, Bolivia, Ethiopia, Great Britain, Germany and Mexico.〔 (【引用サイトリンク】 Sovereign Grace Churches, by Country )〕 == History == The organization of over 70 member churches grew out of the charismatic renewal of the 1970s under the leadership of Catholic Charismatic Larry Tomczak. It has its roots in a charismatic prayer meeting in Silver Spring, Maryland, then Washington, DC called Take and Give (TAG), which grew into Covenant Life Church, the longtime flagship of Sovereign Grace.〔 〕 It was formally established in 1982.〔 〕 Tomczak cofounded the church with CJ Mahaney.〔 〕 Mahaney describes himself as a "former pothead."〔 Larry Tomczak withdrew from the Charismatic Catholic scene shortly before the creation of Covenant Life Church.〔 〕 Tomczak and Mahaney and the movement were influenced by Bryn Jones and Terry Virgo, leaders of the British New Church Movement. Both Tomczak and Mahaney spoke at New Frontiers' Bible Weeks and Stoneleigh Conference. They were also friendly with Maranatha Campus Ministries for a period.〔 〕 In "The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Modern Christian Thought" published in 1995,〔 (【引用サイトリンク】 Gospel Bluesman Offers God's Love in Sin City )〕 Alister McGrath associated PDI with the Shepherding Movement and described it as having "informal links with Bryn Jones," the UK house church leader.〔 〕 In the mid-1990s, while Tomczak was still involved in the group's leadership, religious anthropologist Dr. Karla Poewe wrote that "Vineyard is particularly attractive to the young and intellectual... People of Destiny serves a Catholic constituency" although participants at that time would not agree with this assessment.〔 〕 contrasting PDI with the Vineyard Church. The theological focus gradually shifted during the mid 1990s and it was later suggested that the increasingly Calvinistic theology of PDI was a major factor in Larry Tomczak's departure from the movement.〔 〕 Although reconciled with C J Mahaney in 2011,〔( A letter from Larry Tomczak on his reconciliation with C.J. Mahaney )〕 he earlier described the parting of ways with Sovereign Grace Ministries as "an unbelievable nightmare" during which his family "were threatened in various ways if () did not cooperate with ()... A letter was circulated in an attempt to discredit me and to distort the events surrounding my departure."〔 〕 Other notable charismatic figures, such as Lou Engle, founder of The Call prayer concerts, and Ché Ahn, pastor of Harvest Rock Church in Pasadena, CA, also ceased to be formally associated with PDI during this period.〔 〕 As of 2008 the group identified itself as "a family of churches passionate about the gospel of Jesus Christ... with a strong doctrinal basis that is evangelical, Reformed, and continuationist."〔 (【引用サイトリンク】 Sovereign Grace Ministries--About Us )〕 This move towards the Reformed (or Calvinist) wing of the church is illustrated by Sovereign Grace's partnerships with speakers such as John MacArthur, Mark Dever, and John Piper, who speak at the Together for the Gospel Conferences.〔 (【引用サイトリンク】 title=T4G 2008 Conference )〕 In 2002, Wayne Grudem, a theology professor at Phoenix Seminary in Arizona, said "What I see is outward evidence of God's favor. That's at the heart of the success of this church... I know of churches around the United States who are looking to Sovereign Grace Ministries as an example of the way churches ought to work."〔 Whether or not Grudem has in any way made modified his sentiment regarding seeing "outward evidence of God's favor" upon SGM in the interim since 2002, in light of the wholesale changes and controversy surrounding the organization that have transpired during that time, is currently unknown, in terms of published documentation. On July 6, 2011, Mahaney announced that he would be taking a leave of absence as a team reviews charges brought against him of "pride, unentreatability, deceit, sinful judgment, and hypocrisy." One of the purposes for this period included reconciliation with former SGM ministers. Larry Tomczak reported that Mahaney had gone out of his way to rebuild their relationship after 13 years of estrangement.〔〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.charismanews.com/us/31503-cj-mahaney-takes-leave-over-serious-charges )〕 On January 25, 2012, Mahaney was reinstated as president of the organization by the board after three review panels found no reason to disqualify C.J. from his role as President, or to "call into question his fitness for gospel ministry."〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://blog.christianitytoday.com/ctliveblog/archives/2012/01/sovereign_grace.html )〕 Early in 2012, Sovereign Grace Ministries announced their intention to relocate their headquarters from Gaithersburg, Maryland to Louisville, Kentucky, citing Louisville's lower cost of living as well as the growing connection with The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary in town.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.courier-journal.com/article/20120419/FEATURES10/304190090/Controversial-church-Southern-Baptist-ties-moves-headquarters-Louisville )〕 Some critics have suggested that the move may have more to do with the fractured state of the organization's relationship with the SGM flagship church, Covenant Life Church in Gaithersburg.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://blog.christianitytoday.com/ctliveblog/archives/2012/05/sovereign_grace_1.html )〕 Late 2012 also saw the departure of the movement's flagship Covenant Life Church in Gaithersburg, MD from SGM, a decision supported by an overwhelming 93%〔.〕 of voting members.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title= Flagship Church Votes to Leave C.J. Mahaney's Sovereign Grace Ministries )〕 Additionally, the Sovereign Grace churches in Charlottesville, VA, Indiana and Altoona PA, Sarasota and Daytona Beach, FL cut ties with the movement during this period. Daytona Beach's pastor Jesse Jarvis noted a “leadership culture characterized by excessive authority and insufficient accountability” as rationale for the church's departure.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 date = Nov 2012 )〕 About 80 churches from the United States and around the world remained in the organization, however. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sovereign Grace Churches」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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